introduction: why is understanding the unique techniques in pottery, such as clay wedging, crucial for both beginners and seasoned artists in the craft?
people new to pottery often point out the similarities between clay wedging and kneading dough. while seemingly similar at first glance, are actually quite opposite in their objectives and techniques. when kneading dough, the goal is to incorporate air into the dough, making the dough light and airy. on the other hand, wedging clay serves a different purpose. the primary goal of wedging is to remove air from the clay, ensuring a consistent, air-bubble-free medium. this is one of the crucial processes in pottery, specifically aimed at mitigating cracks or explosions in the kiln, by ensuring the clay is properly prepared. wedging can be performed in various ways to push out any trapped air pockets and achieve a homogenous consistency. so, while both processes involve a rhythmic, physical effort, their end goals are distinct: one aims to incorporate air (dough kneading), while the other works to eliminate it (clay wedging).
in some parts of the world, the art of wedging takes on a unique form. for example, in Korea, some potters use their feet for wedging, embodying a unique and intimate interaction with the clay. this is just one of the many diverse pottery techniques found around the globe. in this post, we'll explore three popular wedging techniques: rams head, spiral, and stack-and-slam. each method has its unique benefits and can be chosen based on the potter's preference and the project's requirements.
a guide to ram's head, spiral, and stack-and-slam wedging techniques
1. ram's head wedging: traditional and therapeutic (the method I prefer)
ram's head wedging, a traditional technique named for the way the wedged clay resembles a ram's head, provides a rhythmic and therapeutic experience. it's also gentler on the wrists compared to some other methods. it effectively utilizes body weight to push and rock into the clay, rather than relying solely on arm strength. this is the method I prefer to use. in fact, every piece in my ceramics shop was wedged with the ram's head method.
how to wedge using the ram's head technique
wire off your clay: typically, you'll begin with a block of clay. the initial step involves using a wire tool to cut off a manageable piece. for beginners in pottery, a suitable amount is about the size that comfortably fits in your hand.
push and roll: place your hands on either side of the clay, using your palms and fingers. push down and forward, rolling the clay into itself.
repeat: lift the clay, turn it a quarter turn, and repeat the process. you'll notice the formation of a 'head' and 'horns' as you work.
consistency is key: continue until the clay feels consistent and smooth. I usually count anywhere from 25 to 50 wedges for fresh clay, and closer to 100 if I'm working with reclaimed clay.
the best way to learn is by doing, and this video is a great visual aid.
2. spiral wedging: efficient and effective (the method that looks cool)
spiral wedging, also known as Japanese wedging, is efficient and effective if done correctly. it's a bit more complex and definitely takes a lot of practice, but is excellent for ensuring a thoroughly wedged clay.
how to wedge using the spiral technique
start with a round shape: place your clay on a wedging table, starting with a roughly round shape.
shape it up: gently toss the clay onto the table, rotating it after each toss, shaping it into a log-like form.
twist and spiral: with the log oriented vertically and positioned at a right angle (perpendicular) to your body, use your hands to apply downward and forward pressure on the clay at the end farthest from you. as you do this, twist the clay counterclockwise, using the right hand to gradually rotate the clay after each wedge, shaping it into a spiral.
while the spiral wedging method may appear attractive and visually appealing, it can actually pose long-term challenges for the wrists due to the combination of twisting motions and downward pressure.
3. stack-and-slam wedging: quick and energetic (the conditional method)
stack-and-slam is a modern, less labor-intensive technique. it's particularly useful for very stiff clay or large quantities. I also find it very useful for segments of clay that are too small for me to wedge with the traditional ram's head method. if you are wedging reclaimed clay, incorporating this method with the ram's head method is a great way to ensure a homogenous clay body.
how to wedge using the stack-and-slam technique
slice and stack: slice the clay into even slabs. stack them up neatly.
slam down: lift the stacked clay and slam it down onto the wedging table.
repeat: continue stacking and slamming until the clay becomes pliable and air bubbles are removed.
this method is less about finesse and more about brute force. it's excellent for quickly conditioning tougher clay bodies.
in pottery, the choice of surface for wedging clay can significantly impact the quality of your work. a sturdy, flat, and non-porous surface, such as a plaster wedging table, a portable wedging board, or a wooden board covered with canvas, is ideal for maintaining control over the clay's moisture content and achieving a consistent texture. a marble pastry board with no-slip feet is also a great alternative to a traditional wedging board. by selecting the right surface for wedging, you set the foundation for successful pottery creations, ensuring that your clay is prepared to perfection for every project.
incorporating creative elements
before we wrap up, I want to touch briefly on an exciting aspect of pottery that I've mentioned previously and will explore more in an upcoming post: the use of mason stains in pottery. mason stains offer an incredible way to infuse vibrant colors into your clay, adding an artistic flair to your pieces. for those new to this concept, I've included a fascinating video here showing how mason stains are mixed into clay. it’s a simple yet transformative process that elevates the aesthetic of your pottery.
conclusion
understanding and mastering different wedging techniques is fundamental for both novice and experienced potters. each technique, whether it's the traditional and meditative ram's head, the efficient spiral, or the quick and robust stack-and-slam, caters to specific needs and types of clay. the journey to discover your preferred wedging method is as crucial as it is enlightening. it encourages experimentation and a deeper understanding of how clay behaves under different conditions. each technique you master adds to your repertoire, enhancing your ability to adapt to various clays and designs.
remember, the foundation of excellent pottery lies in the quality of your wedged clay. properly prepared clay not only minimizes potential issues during firing but also enhances the pleasure and satisfaction of creating with this timeless medium. so, as you explore the diverse world of pottery, let the art of wedging be your guide to unlocking the full potential of your clay and your creativity.